什麼是摩爾

More, St. Thomas

英國人文主義者和政治家。曾入牛津大學學習，1501年成為一名成功的律師。為了檢驗自己是否適合當神職人員，他曾居住在加爾都西會修院。曾任倫敦副司法長官（1510～1518），因公正無私受到倫敦人民的愛戴。摩爾撰寫的傑作《理查三世》（1513～1518）和著名的《烏托邦》在包括伊拉斯謨斯在內的人文主義者中立即獲得成功。1517年被任命為國王的顧問，併成為亨利八世的祕書和心腹。1523年4月被選為下議院議長。1529年摩爾出版了《關於異端的對話》駁倒異端的著作。當沃爾西下臺（1529）後，摩爾繼任其大法官的職位。他因拒絕承認亨利和凱薩琳的離婚而於1532年辭職。他還拒絕接受「最高權威法案」。1534年摩爾被指控叛國，囚禁在倫敦塔。在獄中，寫了《安逸與苦難的對話》。1535年審訊後被判絞刑，旋由國王改為斬首。1935年被追諡為聖徒。

1477～1535年

More, St. Thomas

English statesman and humanist. He studied at Oxford and was successful as a lawyer from 1501, after living in a Carthusian monastery to test his vocation for the priesthood. He served as an undersheriff of london (1510-18) and endeared himself to Londoners as a fair judge and consultant. He wrote the notable History of King Richard III (1513-18) and the renowned Utopia (1516), an immediate success with the humanists, including Desiderius Erasmus. In 1517 More was named to the king's council, and he became Henry VIII's secretary and confidant. In 1523 he was elected speaker of the House of Commons. He wrote A Dialogue Concerning Heresies (1529) to refute heretical writings. After the fall of Cardinal Wolsey (1529), More succeeded him as lord chancellor, but he resigned in 1532 when he could not affirm Henry's divorce from Catherine. He also refused to accept the Act of Supremacy. In 1534 More was charged with high treason and imprisoned in the Tower, where he wrote his Dialogue of Comfort Against Tribulation. In 1535 he was tried and sentenced to death by hanging, which the king commuted to beheading. He was canonized in 1935.