什麼是摩根

Morgan, J(ohn) P(ierpont)

美國金融家。金融家之子。1857年開始其職業生涯，最初做會計師，1861年成為父親銀行的代理人。1871年被指定德雷克塞爾－摩根公司的合夥人，後來該公司成為美國政府財政的主要支柱。1895年這個公司改名為摩根公司。1880年代和1890年代摩根改組了幾條重要鐵路線，主要有伊利鐵路和北太平洋鐵路。他協助穩定了鐵路運輸的價格並制止了東部鐵路之間過度混亂的競爭局面，成為世界上最有實力的鐵路巨頭之一，1902年時已控制了大約8000公里的鐵路。在1893年金融恐慌之後，摩根公司組成的集團，供給美國財政部衰竭的黃金儲備。摩根領導金融界度過了1907年股市危機之後的財政崩潰狀態。為一些大企業的聯合提供資金，經由合併組織了奇異公司，美國鋼鐵公司和國際收割機公司（參閱Navistar International Corporation）。摩根是有名的藝術品收藏家，向紐約市大都會藝術博物館捐贈了許多藝術作品；其藏書和藏書大樓現已成為皮爾蓬特.摩根圖書館。

1837～1913年

Morgan, J(ohn) P(ierpont)

U.S. financier. Born in Hartford, Conn., the son of a financier, he began his career as an accountant in 1857 and became an agent for his father's banking company in 1861. In 1871 he was named a partner in the firm of Drexel, Morgan, which became the chief source of U.S. government financing. In 1895 it became J. P. Morgan and Co. In the 1880s and '90s Morgan reorganized several major railroads, notably the Erie Railroad and the Northern Pacific. He was instrumental in achieving railroad rate stability and discouraging overly chaotic competition, and became one of the world's most powerful railroad magnates, controlling about 5,000 mi (8,000 km) of railway by 1902. After the panic of 1893, Morgan formed a syndicate to supply the U.S. Treasury's depleted gold reserves. He led the financial community in averting a general financial collapse following the stock-market panic of 1907. He financed a series of giant industrial consolidations, organizing the mergers that formed General Electric, U.S. Steel Corp., and International Harvester Co. (see Navistar International Corp.). A noted art collector, he donated many artworks to the Metropolitan Museum of Art; his book collection and the building that housed it became the Pierpont Morgan Library.