什麼是柴契爾

Thatcher, Margaret

受封為Baroness Thatcher (of Kesteven)，原名Margaret Hilda Roberts。

英國政治人物和首相（1970～1990）。曾就讀於牛津大學並獲得多項學位，後從事化學研究工作。1951年與丹尼斯.柴契爾結婚後，她開始學習法律並專門研究稅法。1959年柴契爾當選為議員，後擔任英國教育和科學大臣（1970～1974）。作為英國保守黨新式右翼團體的一份子，柴契爾於1975年繼奚斯後成為該黨的主席（1975）。1979年柴契爾成為英國第一位女首相。柴契爾主張更多的個人獨立，反對勞工聯合，完成國營企業私有化，並支援醫療和教育機構私有化；同時還制定了嚴格的貨幣政策並簽署協定加入北約組織。1983年柴契爾再次當選為英國首相，此次當選成功應部分歸功於其在福克蘭群島戰爭中英明決策。保守黨內部關於她的歐洲貨幣和政治一體化政策的分裂，最終導致她於1990年辭去職務。

1925年～

Thatcher, Margaret

British politician and prime minister (1979-90). She earned degrees at Oxford Univ., then worked as a research chemist. After her marriage to Denis Thatcher (1951), she read for the bar and specialized in tax law. She was elected to Parliament in 1959 and served as secretary of state for education and science 1970-74. As a member of the Conservative Party's newly energetic right wing, she succeeded Edward Heath as party leader in 1975. In 1979 she became Britain's first woman prime minister. She advocated individual initiative, confronted the labor unions, privatized national industries and utilities and attempted to privatize aspects of health care and education, pursued a strong monetarist policy, and endorsed a firm commitment to NATO. Her landslide victory in 1983 owed partly to her decisive leadership in the Falkland Islands War. A split in party ranks over European monetary and political integration led to her resignation in 1990.