什麼是卡繆

Camus, Albert

出生的法國小說家、散文家和劇作家。1957年獲諾貝爾文學獎。出身貧窮的阿爾及爾工人家庭，大學畢業後進入一劇團工作，而認識了左派分子。第二次世界大戰期間居於巴黎，法國反抗運動使他進入沙特和存在主義的核心。他的第一本小說《異鄉人》（1942）使他成為文學界的重要人物，通過對一個被判處死刑的「異鄉人」的生動描寫研究了20世紀的異化。同年發表一篇有影響的哲學隨筆《薛西弗斯的神話》，卡繆在其中懷著相當同情的感情分析了當代的虛無主義與「荒誕」觀念。後來又發表他的第二部小說《瘟疫》（1947）和另一篇長隨筆《反叛者》（1951）。其他重要的文學作品有寫作技巧出色的小說《墮落》（1956）和短篇小說集《流放和王國》（1957），《墮落》表現出對基督教象徵主義的專注，幷包含對世俗人道主義的倫理道德更為自得的形式的冷嘲熱諷。他的劇作有《誤會》（1944）和《卡利古拉》（1944）。1957年獲諾貝爾文學獎，三年後死於一場車禍。

1913～1960年

Camus, Albert

Algerian-French novelist, essayist, and playwright. Born into a working-class family in Algiers, he worked with a theatrical company after graduating from its university, becoming associated with leftist causes. He spent the war years in Paris, and the French Resistance brought him into the circle of J.-P. Sartre and existentialism. He became a leading literary figure with his enigmatic first novel, The Stranger (1942), a study of 20th-century alienation, and the philosophical essay The Myth of Sisyphus (1942), an analysis of contemporary nihilism and the concept of the absurd. The Plague (1947), his allegorical second novel, and The Rebel (1951), another long essay, developed related issues. Other major works include the novel The Fall (1956) and the short-story collection Exile and the Kingdom (1957). His plays include Le malentendu (1944) and Caligula (1944). He won the Nobel Prize in 1957. He died in a car accident.