什麼是聖經翻譯

翻譯《聖經》的藝術及實務。《舊約》原以希伯來文寫成，有些分散的段落為阿拉米文字。最初全文被譯為阿拉米文字，然後在西元3世紀被譯為希臘文（「七十子希臘文字聖經」）。希伯來學者從阿拉米文「塔古姆」創造出權威的馬所拉本（Masoretic text, 6～10世紀），原本的希伯來卷軸已經亡佚。《新約》原為希臘文或阿拉米文。基督教徒把《舊約》和《新約》譯為科普特文、衣索比亞文、哥德文、拉丁文。聖哲羅姆的通俗拉丁文字《聖經》（405）是千年以來標準的基督教翻譯。15～16世紀的新知產生新的翻譯。馬丁.路德把整部《聖經》譯為德文（1522～1534）。第一部完整的英譯本《聖經》（歸功於威克利夫）出現於1382年，不過卻是詹姆斯國王的版本（1611）成為三百年以上的標準。到20世紀晚期，整部《聖經》已被譯為兩百五十種語文，部分翻譯者超過一千三百種。

biblical translation

Art and practice of translating the Bible. The Old Testament was originally written in Hebrew, with scattered passages of Aramaic. It was first translated in its entirety into Aramaic and then, in the 3rd century AD, into Greek (the Septuagint). Hebrew scholars created the authoritative Masoretic text (6th-10th century) from Aramaic Targums, the original Hebrew scrolls having been lost. The New Testament was originally in Greek or Aramaic. Christians translated both Testaments into Coptic, Ethiopian, Gothic, and Latin. St. Jerome's Latin Vulgate (405) was the standard Christian translation for 1,000 years. New learning in the 15th-16th century generated new translations. Martin Luther translated the entire Bible into German (1522-34). The first complete English translation, credited to John Wycliffe, appeared in 1382, but it was the King James version (1611) that became the standard for more than three centuries. By the late 20th century the entire Bible had been translated into 250 languages and portions of it into more than 1,300.