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定語從句是什麼

欄目: 教育 / 釋出於: / 人氣:8.54K

定語從句也稱關係從句、形容詞性從句,一個句子跟在一名詞或代詞(先行詞)後進行修飾限定,就叫做定語從句。通俗來講,從句在整個句子中做定語,這個從句就叫做定語從句。

定語從句是什麼

從句在主句中充當定語成分,被修飾的詞叫先行詞。定語從句不同於單詞作定語的情況,它通常只能放在被修飾的詞(即先行詞)之後。定語從句由關係詞(關係代詞、關係副詞)引導,關係代詞、關係副詞位於定語從句句首。

1、關係代詞引導的定語從句

①who, whom, that

這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,在從句中所起作用如下:

Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

他就是想見你的人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語)

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.

他就是我昨天見的那個人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語)

②Whose 用來指人或物,(只用作定語, 若指物,它還可以同of which互換), 例如:

They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.

那人車壞了,大家都跑過去幫忙

Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.

請遞給我那本綠皮的書。

③which, that

它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語、賓語等,例如:

A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.

農村出現了前所未 有的繁榮。(which / that在從句中作主語)

The package which / that you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.

你拿的包快散了。(which / that 在從句中作賓語)

2、關係副詞引導的定語從句

關係副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞,在從句中作狀語。

①when, where,why

關係副詞when, where, why的含義相當於"介詞+ which"結構,因此常常和"介詞+ which"結構交替使用.

There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.

任何人都有不得不屈服的時候。

Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.

北京是我的出生地。

Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?

這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎?

②that代替關係副詞

that可以用於表示時間、地點、方式、理由的名詞後取代when, where, why和"介詞+ which"引導的定語從 句,在非正式文體中that常被省略(正式文體中不可省略),例如:

His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.

他父親在他出生那年逝世了。

定語從句是什麼

定語從句,就是用來修飾名詞或代詞的句子,起到定語的作用,所以叫做 定語從句。 定義 被修飾的詞叫先行詞。定語從句不同於單詞作定語的情況,它需要放在被修飾的詞(即先行詞)之後。定語從句一般由 關係代詞來引導。關係代詞必須放在定語從句之首。定語從句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定語,修飾一個名詞或代詞,被修飾的名詞,片語或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現在先行詞之後,由關係詞(關係代詞或關係副詞)引出。 關係代詞引導的定語從句 關係代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞,並在句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分。關係代詞在定語從句中作主語時,從句謂語動詞的人稱和數要和先行詞保持一致。 1)who, whom, that 這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,在從句中所起作用如下: Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想見你的人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天見的那個人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語) 2) Whose 用來指人或物,(只用作定語, 若指物,它還可以同of which互換), 例如: They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人車壞了,大家都跑過去幫忙。 Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 請遞給我那本綠皮的書。 3)which, that 它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語、賓語等,例如: A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 農村出現了前所未有的繁榮。(which / that在句中作主語) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作賓語) 關係副詞引導的定語從句 關係副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞,在從句中作狀語。 1)when, where, why 關係副詞when, where, why的含義相當於"介詞+ which"結構,因此常常和"介詞+ which"結構交替使用,例如: There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的時候。 Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎? 2)that代替關係副詞 that可以用於表示時間、地點、方式、理由的名詞後取代when, where, why和"介詞+ which"引導的定語從句,在口語中that常被省略,例如: His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父親在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過的地方。 判斷關係代詞與關係副詞 方法一: 用關係代詞,還是關係副詞完全取決於從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞後面無賓語,就必須要求用關係代詞;而不及物動詞則要求用關係副詞。 例如: This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you. 判斷改錯(注:先顯示題,再顯示答案,橫線;用不同的顏色表示 出。) (錯) This is the mountain village where I visited last year. (錯) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. (對) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. (對) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside. 習慣上總把表地點或時間的名詞與關係副詞 where, when聯絡在一起。此兩題錯在關係詞的誤用上。

什麼是定語從句?

定語從句,一個簡單句跟在一名詞或代詞後(先行詞)進行修飾限定,就叫做定語從句。在主句中充當定語成分。被修飾的詞叫先行詞。定語從句不同於單詞作定語的情況,它通常只能放在被修飾的詞(即先行詞)之後。

定語 從句由關係詞(關係代詞、關係副詞)引導,關係代詞、關係副詞位於定語從句句首。

擴充套件資料:

從句結構

定語從句公式:定語從句=先行詞+關係詞+從句

先行詞:指被定語從句修飾的名詞、代詞或句子。一般先行詞出現在定語從句的前面。

關係詞:關係詞常有3個作用:

①連線作用,連線主句和定語從句。

②指代先行詞。

③在定語從句中擔當成分。

參考資料來源:百度百科-定語從句

定語從句是什麼?

定語從句的分類:

限制性定語從句和非限制性的定語從句

限制性定語從句不用逗號與主句分開,對所修飾的詞起特指或限定的作用,去掉後意思不完整或不太清楚。翻譯成中文時,一般把定語從句翻譯在先行詞之前。

引導限制性定語從句的關係代詞有who,

whom,

whose,

that,

which,

of

which和關係副詞when,

where,

why等。

eg.

This

is

the

man

who

helped

me.

I

was

the

only

person

in

our

office

that

was

invite

to

the

palace

ball.

非限制性的定語從句和主句之間往往用逗號分開,只對被修飾的詞語或主句起補充說明的作用,去掉後對句意影響不大。翻譯時通常把定語從句翻譯在先行詞後邊,作為附加說明。

引導非限制性定語從句的關係代詞有who,whom,

whose,

which,

as和關係副詞when,

where,一般不用that

引導。

eg.

I

have

two

sisters,

who

are

both

doctors.

Last

Sunday

they

reached

Shanghai,

where

a

meeting

was

holding.

定語從句的考查熱點

1.間隔式定語從句

定語從句一般緊跟在先行詞之後,但定語從句先

行詞之間有時會插入別的成分,構成先行詞與定

語從句的隔離。

eg.

This

is

the

article

written

by

him

that

I

spoke

to

you

about.

He

was

the

only

person

in

this

country

that

was

invited.

(1).

因定語從句過長,為使句子保持平衡,通常定語從句和其所修飾的名詞或代詞分開。

eg.

The

film

brought

the

hours

back

to

me

when

I

was

taken

good

care

of

in

that

faraway

villiage.

(2).

在定語從句中使用“插入語”以增加句子的靈活性。

eg.

Kate

was

always

speaking

highly

of

her

role

in

the

play,

which,

of

course,

made

the

others

unhappy.

The

pen

I

thought

I

had

lost

is

on

my

desk,

right

under

my

nose.

2.定語從句中的謂語動詞與先行詞保持一致。

當引導定語從句的關係代詞在從句中做主語時,定

語從句的謂語動詞的數的形式應與先行詞保持一致。

eg.

I,

who

am

your

classmate,

will

try

my

best

to

help

you.

He,

who

is

your

classmate,

will

try

his

best

to

help

you.

注意句式:

one

of

+

複數名詞+關係代詞+複數動詞

the

(only/very)

one

of

+複數名詞+關係代詞+單數動詞

He

is

one

of

the

students

who

have

made

great

progress.

Tom

is

the

only

one

of

my

friends

who

has

been

abroad.

Tags:從句 定語