高中定語從句講解

定語從句（也稱關係從句、形容詞性從句），一個句子跟在一個名詞或代詞（先行詞）後進行修飾限定，就叫做定語從句。通俗來講，從句在整個句子中做定語，這個從句就叫做定語從句。從句在主句中充當定語成分。

被修飾的詞叫先行詞。定語從句不同於單詞作定語的情況，它通常只能放在被修飾的詞（即先行詞）之後。定語從句由關係詞（關係代詞、關係副詞）引導，關係代詞、關係副詞位於定語從句句首。

1、關係代詞引導的定語從句

①who, whom, that

這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中所起作用如下：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

他就是想見你的人嗎？（who/that在從句中作主語）

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.

他就是我昨天見的那個人。（whom/that在從句中作賓語）

②Whose 用來指人或物，(只用作定語, 若指物，它還可以同of which互換）, 例如：

They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.

那人車壞了，大家都跑過去幫忙。

Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.

請遞給我那本綠皮的書。

③which, that

它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等，例如：

A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.

農村出現了前所未 有的繁榮。（which / that在從句中作主語）

The package which / that you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.

你拿的包快散了。(which / that 在從句中作賓語）

2、關係副詞引導的定語從句

關係副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。

①when, where,why

關係副詞when, where, why的含義相當於"介詞+ which"結構，因此常常和"介詞+ which"結構交替使用.

There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.

任何人都有不得不屈服的時候。

Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.

北京是我的出生地。

Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?

這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？

②that代替關係副詞

that可以用於表示時間、地點、方式、理由的名詞後取代when, where, why和"介詞+ which"引導的定語從 句，在非正式文體中that常被省略（正式文體中不可省略），例如：

His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.

他父親在他出生那年逝世了。



高中定語從句詳解

定語從句是高中階段的重點，大家要記住相關的語法規則，並且需要通過以後的練習來逐漸透徹掌握。學習中肯定會遇到一些困難，不好弄懂的知識點一定要結合例句細心多看幾遍。下面為大家帶來高中定語從句詳解，希望能幫到你!

Ⅰ.概念：

(1) 定語從句：在主從複合句中用作定語的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般緊接在先行詞後面。

(2) 先行詞：被定語從句修飾的成份。先行詞可以為一個詞，短語，或整個主句。

(3) 引導定語從句的詞叫關係詞，分為關係代詞和關係副詞。

關係詞的作用：

1) 引導定語從句，連線主句和從句，相當於一個連詞

2) 必在從句中作某個句子成份(可以做主語，賓語，表語，定語，狀語)

常用的關係代詞: that、 which、 who、whom、as , 在從句中作主語，賓語，whose在從句中作定語)

常用的關係副詞(在從句中只作狀語): when、why、 where

The student who answered the question was John.

I know the reason why he was so angry.

The boy (whom) you are talking to is my brother.

I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea.

定語從句三步：

第一找出先行詞

第二看先行詞在定語從句中的語法的功能(做主語、賓語或狀語)

第三選擇合適的'關係詞。

Ⅱ. 幾個關係代詞的基本用法：

●that: 可指人或物在定語從句中作主語，賓語，表語。(指人時，相當於who或 whom指物時，相當於which)(不用於非限制性定語從句不可置於介詞後作賓語) 如：

1. Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now?

2. You can take anything ( that) you like.

3. What is the question (that/which) they are talking about?

4. Here is the man ( who/whom/that ) you want to see.

5. She's no longer the girl ( that) she used to be before.

●which: 指物在定語從句中作主語，賓語，表語，定語。如：

1. The bookwhich/that was on the desk was bought by my father.

2. The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.

3. The factory in which his father works is far from here.

●who, whom, whose:

who: 主格, 在從句中作主語，在口語或非正式用法中作賓語只可指人

whom: 賓格，在從句中作賓語只可指人

whose: 屬格，在從句中作定語，可指人也可指物。

1. I like the students who/that work hard.

2. All who heard the story were amazed.

(代詞如he, they, any, those, all, one等後多用who.)

3. He's a man from whom we should learn.

= He's a man (whom/who/that) we should learn from.

4. A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.

5. I'd like a room whose window faces south.

=I'd like a room of which the window faces south.

=I'd like a room the window of which faces south.

關係代詞作介詞賓語： (介詞+ whom / which)

關係代詞在定語從句中用作介詞賓語時, 介詞可放於從句之首, 也可放於從句之末. 但以放於句首較為正式.(介詞前置，必須注意不影響動詞片語的含義。)

1. This is the book for which you asked. =This is the book (that/which) you asked for.

2. Do you know the person with whom I shook hands?

= Do you know the person (whom/who/that) I shook hands with?

3. Is this the factory to which you paid a visit last week?

4. Is this factory the one to which you paid a visit last week?

5. This is the girl whom they are looking after. (介詞after與look構成固定片語，不可前置。look at, look for, look after, take care of等)

●as 的用法:(as 引導定語從句, 在定語從句中作主語、賓語、表語)

①如為限制性的，多用於the same …as the same assuch …as …as many/much asso …as等結構中。

1. I have the same book as you (have). 我有一本和你的一樣的書。

2. .---Why didn't you mention that in face of the police just now?

--- I thought it was such a minor detail as was hardly worth mentioning.

3. Don't do such things as you are not sure about.

比較：I live in the same house that he used to live in.

I'm wearing the same shirt as you wore yesterday.

比較：Here is so big a stone as no one can lift. (定語從句)

Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.(結果狀語從句)

②如為非限制性的，多單獨引導一個定語從句，這種定語從句可置於句首，句中或句尾，譯為"正如，這一點"。(動詞常為know, see, expect, point out, etc.)

As we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health . (as 作賓語)

=As is known to all, smoking is harmful to one's health . (as 作主語)

=It's known to all that smoking is harmful to one's health .

=Smoking is harmful to one's health, as we all know .(as 作賓語)

=Smoking, as we all know, is harmful to one' health.

He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent. (賓語, 先行詞是前面整個句子)

Ⅲ. 關係副詞引導的定語從句:

●When 指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。其先行詞是表時間的名詞(如：time, day, week, tear, month, etc.)

He came last night when I was out.

We will put off the picnic until next week, when the weather would be better.

注意：先行詞為"時間名詞"，可用when引導定語從句，when在定語從句中作狀語還可以用which或that 引導，which或that在從句中作主語或賓語。

比較:1. I still remember the day when /on which my brother joined the army.(作狀語)

2. I still remember the days which/that we spent together. (作賓語)

3. I shall never forget the day when Shen Zhou Ⅴ was launched, which has a great effect on my life.

●Where 指地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語。其先行詞是表示地點的名詞，如：place, school, factory, room, etc.

This is the place where I was born.

I live in the room where /in which he used to live.

注意：先行詞是"地點名詞"，定語從句可用where引導，還可用which或that引導，which/that 在從句中作主語或賓語。

比較: ※1. This is the factory where /in which he worked last year. (作狀語)

2. I think you have got to the point where a change is needed, or you would fail.

3. He's got himself into a dangerous situation where he's likely to lose control of the plane.

4. This is the park which/that they visited last year. (作賓語)

●Why 指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語。先行詞為reason 時，可用for which指代當關系詞在從句中作主語或賓語時，則用which或that 引導。如：

1. The reason why / for which / (that) he didn't attend the meeting was that he was ill.

2. I don't believe the reason (that/which) he gave me. (作賓語)

3. Have you asked him the reason that may explain his success? (作主語)

當先行詞為way時，the way在從句中作狀語時，定語從句常用that, in which,或how引導，that常可以省略。

the way在從句中作主語或賓語時，則用which或that 引導。如:

This is the way (that) /in which I do such things.

比較: Please do the experiment in the way (that/which)I have shown you.

Ⅳ. 限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區別：

1. 形式上，非限制性定語從句往往用逗號隔開。

2. 語法上，非限制性定語從句一般不用that.

3. 語義上，限制性定語從句與先行詞關係緊密，起限定作用，如果去掉了這個定語從句，整個句子就不完整或者會改變意思而非限制性定語從句與先行詞關係不是很緊密，對先行詞起補充說明或描述的作用。

This is the book I like best. 這就是我最喜歡的那本書。

Beijing, which has been China's capital for more than 800 years, is rich in cultural and historic relics. 北京是中國八百年之久的古都，它有著豐富的文化和歷史遺產。

4. 翻譯時，限制性定語從句可譯為一句(較短的一般譯為"的"字結構)而非限制性定語從句可譯為兩句。(見上句翻譯)

比較: He has a sister, who is a musician.

He has a sister who is a musician.

引導非限制性定語從句的關係代詞，指人時用who, whom, whose , 指物時用which , whose關係副詞when，where, why, etc.

1. He studied hard at school when he was young, which leads to his success in his later life.

2. Tom's father, who arrived just now, is a famous scientist.

Ⅴ. 幾個易混淆的關係代詞的比較:

●that &which:

在定語從句中，which 和that 在指代事物時，一般可以互換使用，但並非在任何情況下都是這樣，這裡介紹宜用that, 而不宜用which 的情況.

①先行詞為不定代詞,all, much, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one等,

should do all that is useful to the people .

e's nothing that can be said about it .

you mean the one that was bought yesterday?

②先行詞被only, any, few, little, no, just, very, one of等詞修飾時。

only thing that we could do was to wait.

's the very word that is wrongly used.

3. The last place (that) we visited was the chemical works.

比較 *This is one of the best novels that were published last year.

This is the only one of the best novels that was published last year.

③先行詞是序數詞時或被序數詞修飾時。

we talk about Wuxi, the first that comes into mind is Tai Lake.

is the third film that has been shown in our school this term.

④先行詞是最高階或被最高階修飾時。

is the best that can be done now.

most important thing that should be done right now is how to stop him from going on.

⑤先行詞既有人又有物，用which和who都不適合，這時宜用that.

writer and his novel that you have just talked about is really well known .

rider and his bike that had run over an old woman were held up by the police.

⑥被修飾詞為數詞時.

erday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water you can see the two that are still alive .

⑦如果有兩個從句，其中一個關係代詞已用which ,另一個關係代詞宜用that，以避免語言的單調或重複。

Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.

⑧疑問詞是who或which，關係代詞宜用that，以避免重複。

1. Which is the book that you like best?

2. Who is the man that is standing at the gate?

⑨主句是There be 結構，修飾其主句的定語從句宜用that 作關係代詞. 如：

1. There is still a seat in the corner that is still free.

⑩被修飾成分為表語時，或者關係代詞本身是定語從句的表語時,該關係代詞宜用that .

1. That's a good book that will help you a lot.

2. My home village is no longer the place ( that ) it used to be .

定語從句中宜用which而不宜用that 的情況:

①當關系代詞的前面有介詞時.

1.A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.

this the room in which Mr. White lives?

②在非限制性定語從句中.

oe's dog, which was are now very old, became ill and died .

and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming popular in our country. (which指代主句)

③在一個句子中有兩個定語從句，其中一個定語從句的關係代詞用了that, 另一個宜用which .

1. Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.

④當關系代詞後面帶有插入語時.

1. Here's the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.

⑤先行詞本身是that, 宜用which .

What's that which she is looking at?

⑥先行詞是those+複數名詞.

A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.

●who &that:

who 和 that 指代人時，有些情況宜用who, 而不宜用that

①先行詞為anyone, anybody, those, all, one, ones, they, he, people時. 如：

person I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works well.

ne who (=Whoever) failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his reason .

e who are not fit for their work should leave office at once.

②在There be 結構中，修飾主語的定語從句宜用關係代詞who 指代人. 如：

e is a gentleman who wants to see you .

e are several students in our class who are still not sure about the use of attributive clauses.

③當先行詞有較長的後置定語時. 如：

1. I met a foreigner in the park yesterday afternoon who could speak Chinese very well.

●as &which:

as &which 引導非限制性定語從句的區別：

①位置的不同：

which 引導的定語從句只置於所限制的句子後as 位置較靈活，也就是說as可置於所限制的句子前面插在句子中或放在句子後。如：

1. He was late again, which made his teacher very angry.

2. Jack, as you know, is an honest man. 或Jack is an honest man , as you know.

或As you know, Jack is an honest man.

②先行詞的不同：

as引導非限制性定語從句時，其先行詞多為一個句子

which引導非限制性定語從句時，其先行詞可以是一個詞，一個短語或一個句子。

1. She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was.

2. He was proud, which I dislike very much.(先行詞是一個句子)

3. He is an honest man, as is known to all.

③as 一般譯為"正如""就像"，"這一點"

as we all knowas you knowas is known to allas you seeas we can seeas has been expectedas we have imagined.

高中定語從句的講解

定語從句，一個句子跟在一名詞或代詞（先行詞）後進行修飾限定，就叫做定語從句。

通俗來講，從句在整個句子中做定語，這個從句就叫做定語從句。從句在主句中充當定語成分。 被修飾的詞叫先行詞。定語從句不同於單詞作定語的情況，它通常只能放在被修飾的詞（即先行詞）之後。

定語從句由關係詞（關係代詞、關係副詞）引導，關係代詞、關係副詞位於定語從句句首。

定語從句=先行詞+關係詞+從句

擴充套件資料：

1）who, whom, that

這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中所起作用如下：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

他就是想見你的人嗎？（who/that在從句中作主語）

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.

他就是我昨天見的那個人。（whom/that在從句中作賓語）

2) Whose 用來指人或物，(只用作定語, 若指物，它還可以同of which互換）, 例如：

They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.

那人車壞了，大家都跑過去幫忙。

Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.

請遞給我那本綠皮的書。

3）which, that

它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等，例如：

A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.

農村出現了前所未 有的繁榮。（which / that在從句中作主語）

The package which / that you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.

參考資料：定語從句-百度百科

高中定語從句講解(2)

用關係代詞還是關係副詞引導定語從句主要看關係詞在定語從句中的作用（即所擔當的成分）。試比較：

waplacewherewecanhaveapicnic.我知道一個我們可以野炊的地方。

Iknowaplacewhich/thatisfamousforitsbeautifulnaturalscenery.我知道一個以自然景色優美而聞名的地方。

lneverforgetthedayswhenwespentourholidaystogether.我永遠忘不了我們一起 度假的日子。

Iwillneverforgetthedaysthat/whichwespenttogether.我永遠忘不了我們一起度過的日子。

isthereasonwhyhewasdismissed.這就是他被解僱的原因。

Thisisthereasonthat/whichheexplainedtomeforhisnotattendingthemeeting.這就是他向我解釋的他沒有參加會議的原因。

（五）but有時也用作關係詞引導定語從句。如：

Thereareveryfewbutadmirehistalents. 很少有人不讚賞他的才幹的。（but=whodon’t）

（六）定語從句與同位語從句的區別

1．定語從句修飾限定先行詞，它與先行詞是修飾關係；同位語從句說明先行詞的具體內容，它與先行詞是同位關係。

TheplanethathasjusttakenoffisforParis.（定語從句）剛剛起飛的那架飛機是開往巴黎的。

Thefactthathehasalreadydiedisquiteclear.（同位語從句）他已經去世了，這個事實很明瞭。

2．定語從句由關係代詞或關係副詞引導，關係詞在從句中擔當相應的句子成分，關係代詞在從句中作賓語時經常可省略。同位語從句主要由連詞that引導，在從句中一般不擔當成分；有時也由where,when,how,who,whether,what等連詞引導，這些連詞則在從句中擔當成分。

Thenewsthathetoldmeistrue.（定語從句）他告訴我的訊息是真的。

Thenewsthathehasjustdiedistrue.（同位語從句）他剛剛去世了，這個訊息是真的。

Theproblemthatwearefacingnowishowwecancollectsomuchmoney.(定語從句)我們現在面臨的問題是如何籌集這麼多資金。

Theproblemhowwecancollectsomuchmoneyisdifficulttosolve.（同位語從句）我們如何籌集這麼多資金，這個問題很難解決。

Thequestionthatheraisedpuzzledallofus.（定語從句）他提出的問題讓我們很為難。

Thequestionwhetherheissuretowinthegameishardtoanswer.（同位語從句）他是否一定會贏得那場比賽，這個問題很難回答。

3．同位語從句與先行詞一般可以用動詞be發展成一個完整的句子,而定語從句則不能。如：

deathathewecouldasktheteacherforadviceiswonderful.（同位語從句）我們可以向老師請教，這個主意不錯。

Theideawasthatwecouldasktheteacherforadvice.

actthattheearthmovesaroundthesunisknowntoall.（同位語從句）地球圍繞太陽轉，這個事實人人皆知。

Thefactisthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.

ttentiontotheproblemhowwecanprotectthewildanimals.（同位語從句）請注意如何保護野生動物這個問題。

Theproblemishowwecanprotectthewildanimals.

Exercises:

e are three bedrooms in the house,_____ is Mary's.

A the smallestof whichB the smaller of which

C the smallest of themD the smallest one

Greens will move into the new house next Monday,_____ it will be completely finished.

A by the timeB by which timeC by that timeD by this time

e has a large collection of phone,_____ was taken in london.

A none of themB no one of whichC all of whichD none of which

the fast development of agriculture, the people ____ village I taught beforelived a happy life.

A whoB whoseC in whoseD in which

e is a moutain ____ the top is always covered with snow.

A whoseB ofwhichC it'sD that

may have missed her train, in ____ case she won't arrive for another hour.

A whatB thatC whichD this

7.1)I have three children,and two of _____ are doctors.

2)I have three children, two of ____ are doctors.

e two thousand students in our school,____ are girls.

A two-thirds in whichB two-thirds in themC two-thirds of themD of whom two thirds

9.I have bought two ballpens,_____ writes well.

A neither of themB none of themC neither of whichD none of which

（1---6ABDCBC 7----9B DDC）

特殊結構定語從句點選

1. These houses are sold at such a low price ________ people expected.

A. likeB. asC. thatD. which

2. I've never heard so interesting a story ________ you told me.

A. asB. that C. of whichD. about which

3. I've seen the same film ________ you saw yesterday.

A. thatB. which C. asD. like

4. I'll buy the same coat ________ you wear.

A. that B. which C. as D. like

5. He made another wonderful discovery, ________ of great importance to science.

A. which I think is

B. which I think it is

C. which I think it

D. I think is

6. ________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.

A. It B. As C. That D. What

7. This is the first time ________ he has been here.

A. that B. when C. at which D. which

8. I don't like ________ you speak to her.

A. the wayB. they way in thatC. the way whichD. the way of which

　 　答案與簡析：

1. B。當先行詞被such修飾時，定語從句用as引導，即構成結構為"such+（a/an）＋形容詞＋名詞＋as"引導的定語從句，意為"......像......一樣的"。整個句子意為：這些房屋以人們原來估計的那樣低的價格出售。

2. A。由so interesting a story = such an interesting story和上面一題的解釋便可得知答案。as在定語從句中作賓語。整句意為：我從未聽說過像你告訴我那樣有趣的故事。

3. A

4. C。當先行詞被same修飾時，定語從句由that或as引導，但意思不同。用that引導定語從句指同一物，而用as引導定語從句指同類事物。

5. A。做此題的關鍵是要知道I think在定語從句中作插入語，做題時將其去掉便可容易得到答案。

6. B。As在此引導非限制性定語從句，代表它所修飾的整個句子內容，並且它可放在所修飾句子的前、中或後面。其常見結構如：as you know, as is said above, as is often the case（情況經常是這樣）等。如選A，則需將逗號改為that；如選D，則需將逗號改為is that。

7. A。當先行詞為the first time, the last time等時，定語從句的引導詞用that而不用when。

8. A。當先行詞為way時，定語從句的引導詞用that或in which, 也可省略。

定語從句

1．This is the best factory ____we visited last year .

A. where B. whichC. in whichD. that

this the factory ____computers are built ?

A. that B. which C. in whichD. in that

se pass me the dictionary ____cover is red .

A. whose C. which D. which of

man ____has arrived .

A. whom I told you B. that I told you

C. whom I told you about him D. I told you about

5. Do you know the comrade ____we are talking ?

A. to whomB. to who C. whom D. to that

6. They visited the house ___the great writer was born .

A. from where B. in which C. which D. in where

7. The comrade ___is speaking at the meeting is my teacher .

A. whomB. which C. who D. whose

8. He asked us to watch carefully everything ___he did in class .

A. who B. that C. what D. where

9. I’ll visit the professor tomorrow ,___he will be back from Shanghai .

A. who B. thatC. whenD. which

school ___I study is a new one .

A. on which B. at where C. on that D. at which

11. China has many islands,____the largest is Taiwan .

A. in which B. at which C. which D. of which

12. The city ____my mother grew up is not far from here .

A. what B. where C. that D. which

13. Our teacher lives in the house ____door faces to the north .

A. which B. his C. thatD. whose

14. Do you know the man ___your father nodded ?

A. whom B. to whomC. to who D. about whom

tling is a sport in ___people easily get hurt .

A. that B. when C. whichD. what

16. I told you ____I know .

A. all that B. all which C. all whatD. all whom

a has a lot of famous writers ,one ___is Lu Xun .

A. of which B. of whomC. of who D. of them

18. Is this factory ____we visited last year ?

A. in whichB. around that C. whom D. the one

19. Who is the man ____was there ?

A. whoB. which C. that D. whom

20. Is there anything ____I can do for you, sir ?

A. thatB. which C. whose D. who

21. I still remember the day ____she first wore that green dress .

A. which B. in which C. on thatD. on which

22. The knife ____we used to cut the bread is very sharp .

A. with whichB. with it C. with that D. which

23. The games ____the young men competed in were difficult .

which B. which C. it D. who

rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..

A. that B. which C. as D. it

25. George Mallory was an English school teacher _____ loved climbing.

A. whoB. whomC. he D. which

歷屆大學聯考英語單項選擇題定語從句精選

parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ______ family was poor.

whom whose e

heard a terrible noise, _______ brought her heart into her mouth.

h

the dark street , there wasn’t a single person _____ she could turn for help.

whom whom

weather turned out to be very good , ____ was more than we could expect.

h

r living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child.

h e

31．Carol said the work would be done by October,______personally I doubt very much.

A. it h

32．Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ________,of course , made the others unhappy.

A．who B．which C．this D．what

ntly I bought an ancient Chinese vase , _____ was very reasonable.

h price price of which

price price of whose

34._____ has already been pointed out , grammar is not a set of dead rules.

h

lived in London for 3 months , during ____ time he learned some English.

h

the wall hung a picture, _____ color is blue.

e which h

ever I met him , ____ was fairly often, I like his sweet and hopeful smile.

h

visitor asked the guide to take his picture _____ stands the famous tower.

e h e

boss ____ department Ms King worked ten years ago look down upon women.

which that whose e

40.I don’t like _____ you speak to her.

way way in that way which way of which

41.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella ._______ I got wet through .

’s the reason ’s why

e’s why ’s how

made another wonderful discovery , ____ of great importance to science.

h I think is h I think it is

h I think it D.I think which is

　 　定語從句答案:

1-5DCADA 6-10 BCBCD 11-15 DBDBC 16-20 ABDCA 21- 25 DABBA

KEYS: 26-30 DBDBB 31-35 DBCAB 36-40 ABBCA 41-42 BA

高中英語語法之定語從句講解

定語從句是由關係代詞和關係副詞引導的從句，其作用是作定語修飾主句的某個成分，定語從句分為限定性和非限定性從句兩種。狀語從句分為時間狀語從句，結果狀語從句，讓步狀語從句，原因狀語從句，條件狀語從句以及行為方式狀語從句。名詞從句包括主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句和同位語從句及there be句型。

一、 限定性定語從句

1. that即可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它們在從句中作主語或賓語，that在從句中作賓語時常可省略關係詞，which在從句中作賓語則不能省略。而且，如果which在從句中作“不及物動詞＋介詞”的介詞的賓語，注意介詞不要丟掉，而且介詞總是放在關係代詞which的前邊，但有的則放在它原來的位置

2. which作賓語時，根據先行詞與定語從句之間的語義關係，先行詞與which之間的介詞不能丟

3. 代表物時多用which，但在帶有下列詞的句子中用that而不用which，這些詞包括all, anything, much等，這時的that常被省略

4. who和whom引導的從句用來修飾人，分別作從句中的主語和賓語，whom作賓語時，要注意它可以作動詞的賓語也可以作介詞的賓語

5. where是關係副詞，用來表示地點的定語從句

6. when引導定語從句表示時間

〔注〕值得一提的是，表示時間“time"一詞的定語從句只用when引導，有時不用任何關係代詞，當然也不用that引導

By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.

I still remember the first time I met her.

Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.

7. whose是關係代詞，修飾名詞作定語，相當於所修飾成分的前置所有格

8. 當從句的邏輯主語是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing時，常用there is來引導

二、非限定性定語從句：非限定性定語從句的作用是對所修飾的成分作進一步說明，通常和主句間用逗號隔開，將從句拿掉後其他部分仍可成立

1. which引導的非限定性定語從句來說明前面整個句子的情況或主句的某一部分

2. 在引導限定性定語從句時，that有時相當於in which, at which, for which或at which

Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人們對白日做夢的態度正在改變，這與人們對夜間做夢的看法的變化有非常相似之處。

I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出於某種原因喜歡這種音樂，而他恰恰與我相反。

We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 剛好我們到的那天他們走了。

3. 有時as也可用作關係代詞

4. 在非限定性定語從句中，不能用that，而用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物

三、定語從句結構錯誤

1. 缺關係詞

2. 從句中缺成分

摘自《簡明英語語法》

在英文中，有兩種定語從句：限定性定語從句與非限定性定語從句。這兩種定語從句在其功能和形式方面都有明顯的區別：

限定性定語從句限定性定語從句與主句的關係很緊奏，對其先行詞起限定、修飾的作用。如果將其去掉，會影響句子意思的完整性；有時甚至於引起費解、誤解。例如：

Rainforests are being cleared for valuable timber and other resources to speed up the economic growth of the nationsin which they are located .

為了加速他們各自所在國家的經濟發展，熱帶雨林作為有價值的原木和其他資源正為人們所砍伐。

Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow.

洋流影響其流經的附近地區的氣候。

They explained the reason to us why they had hated us before.

他們向我們解釋為什麼他們不喜歡我們的原因。

非限定性定語從句非限定性定語從句在形式上就與主句很鬆散，它與主句之間有一個逗點"，"隔開；它對其先行詞沒有限定、修飾的作用，只起補充、說明的作用。有時也用它來對全句進行補充、說明。即使將其去掉，也不會影響句子意思。由於上述原因，非限定性定語從句在表達意思方面也有別於限定性定語從句。另外，非限定性定語從句在中文譯文裡，我們往往將其作為一個分句處理，而不把它作定語翻譯。 例如：Earlier , the Babylonians had attempted to map the world , but they presented it in the form of a flattened disc rather than a sphere , which was the form adopted by Ptolemy .

（此句中，非限定性定語從句是對先行詞a sphere進行補充、說明。）

更早之前，巴比倫人曾試圖繪製世界地圖，但是他們把它繪製成平盤狀而不是托勒密所採用的球體狀。

The combination of satellites, which transmit information , computers , which store information , and television , which displays information , will change every home into an education and entertainment center .

（此句中，三個非限定性定語從句分別對三個先行詞：satellites ，computers和television進行補充、說明。如果去掉這三個非限定性定語從句，那麼句子可簡化為：

The combination of satellites , computers and television will change every home into an education and entertainment center .）衛星能傳輸資訊，計算機能儲存資訊，電視能顯示資訊，把這些手段結合起來可以使每個家庭都成為教育娛樂的中心。

The sun heats the earth , which makes it possible for plants to grow .（此句中，非限定性定語從句是對全句進行補充、說明,將全句表達的意思看成"一件事情）。太陽給予大地熱，這就使植物的生長成為可能。

The old man has a son , who is in the army .（此句中，非限定性定語從句是對先行詞son進行補充、說明。但本句所傳達的資訊是："這位老人只有一個兒子" 。如果將此句改寫成限定性定語從句：

The old man has a son who is in the army . 那位老人有一個在部隊工作的兒子。那麼，限定性定語從句就要對先行詞son進行限定、修飾。這樣一來，句子所傳達的資訊就變成了："這位老人有一個兒子在部隊工作，還有其他的兒子在幹別的工作"。）那位老人有一個兒子，他在部隊工作。