什麼是魯登道夫

Ludendorff, Erich

德國將軍。1908年他加入德國陸軍總參謀部，在毛奇領導下參與修正施利芬計畫。在第一次世界大戰中，被任命為興登堡的參謀長，在坦能堡戰役中兩人贏得了輝煌的勝利。1916年這兩位將軍被授予最高軍事控制權。他們調動大後方全部力量試圖作總體戰。1917年魯登道夫批准對英國發動無限制的潛艇戰，結果導致美國也參戰。1918年他對西線的進攻失利，要求停戰，但當他了解到停戰協定條件的嚴酷性後，就又繼續作戰。政治領袖們反對他，魯登道夫因而辭職。他堅信自己是被出賣了，以後的二十年裡他過著古怪的生活，變成反革命政治運動的領袖，曾參與1920年的卡普暴動和1923年的啤酒店暴動。後來以國家社會黨人當選國會議員（1924～1928），並發展出一種理念，認為是「超民族力量」（猶太人、基督教和自由共濟會）剝奪了他以及德國在第一次世界大戰中的勝利。

1865～1937年

Ludendorff, Erich

German general. In 1908 he joined the German army general staff and worked under Helmuth von Moltke in revising the Schlieffen Plan. In World War I he was appointed chief of staff to Paul von Hindenburg, and the two won a spectacular victory at the Battle of Tannenberg. In 1916 the two generals were given supreme military control. They tried to conduct a total war by mobilizing the entire forces of the home front, and in 1917 Ludendorff approved unrestricted submarine warfare against the British, which led to the U.S.'s entry into the war. In 1918 his offensive on the Western Front failed and he demanded an armistice, but then insisted the war continue when he realized the severity of the Armistice conditions. Political leaders opposed him, and he resigned his post. Ludendorff insisted he had been betrayed, and for the next 20 years led a bizarre life, becoming a leader of reactionary political movements and taking part in the Kapp Putsch (1920) and Beer Hall Putsch (1923). He served in Parliament as a National Socialist (1924-28) and developed a belief that “supernational powers”—Jewry, Christianity, Freemasonry—had deprived him and Germany of victory in World War I.