什麼是勞合喬治

Lloyd George, David，亦稱Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor。

英國首相（1916～1922）。出生於曼徹斯特，父母為威爾斯人，後來在威爾斯長大。1890年進入議會，代表自由黨，此後保持議席五十五年。1905～1908年擔任商務大臣，1908～1915年任財政大臣。1909年提出爭議性的「人民預算」（為社會改革而提高稅收），結果為上院所駁回，導致憲法危機，後來通過「1911年議會法」。同年又提出「國民保險法」，為英國的福利國家政策奠定了基礎。1915～1916年任軍需大臣，運用非正統的方式確保戰時物資供應無缺。1916年取代阿斯奎斯擔任首相，在保守黨的支援下組成聯合內閣。他組成小型戰時內閣，期能儘速作出決策。由於英國最高指揮者之間的彼此不信任，他常與黑格將軍意見不合。1918年戰爭勝利，他的聯合內閣繼續執政，自由黨進一步分裂了。他是在巴黎和會上簽署「凡爾賽和約」的三個大政治家之一。他開始以談判方式解決愛爾蘭問題，最終在1921年達成「英愛條約」。1922年辭職，1926～1931年擔任已經式微的自由黨黨魁。

1863～1945年

Lloyd George, David

British prime minister (1916-22). Born in Manchester to Welsh parents, he was raised in Wales. He entered Parliament in 1890 as a Liberal and retained his seat for 55 years. He served as president of the Board of Trade 1905-8, then as chancellor of the exchequer 1908-15. Rejection of his controversial “People's Budget” (to raise taxes for social programs) in 1909 by the House of Lords led to a constitutional crisis and passage of the Parliament Act of 1911. He devised the National Insurance Act of 1911, which laid the foundation of the British welfare state. As minister of munitions (1915-16), he used unorthodox methods to ensure that war supplies were forthcoming. He replaced H. H. Asquith as prime minister in 1916, with Conservative support in his coalition government. His small war cabinet ensured speedy decisions. Distrustful of the competence of the British high command, he was constantly at odds with Gen. Douglas Haig. In the 1918 elections his decision to continue a coalition government further split the Liberals. He was one of the three great statesmen responsible for the Treaty of Versailles at the Paris Peace Conference. He began the negotiations that culminated in the Anglo-Irish treaty of 1921. He resigned in 1922 and headed an ailing Liberal Party 1926-31.