什麼是佛朗哥

Franco, Francisco

全名為Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Teódulo Franco Bahamonde

西班牙將軍和西班牙政府的首腦（1939～1975）。十四歲時進入步兵學校，後志願在軍中服役。因其很快展示出統領部隊的才能，贏得了美譽。1935年任西班牙陸軍總參謀長，西班牙內戰時加入暴動，被任命為民族主義軍隊領袖（1936）。1937年，他重組長槍黨（西班牙法西斯黨）。他在將長槍黨擴大成為多元組織的同時明確指出，是政府利用黨，而不是相反。在第二次世界大戰，雖然同情軸心國，西班牙仍保持中立。1950年代和1960年代，佛朗哥的國內政策變得有些開朗，西班牙的經濟有很大的進步。戰後新成立的聯合國排斥佛朗哥政府，但隨著冷戰的開始，他的政府與其他國家的關係開始正常化。這時他被視作世界上反對共產主義的主要政治家之一。1947年他通過全民投票，使西班牙成為君主國，並批准他成為終生攝政者。1969年指定胡安.卡洛斯王子為他的繼承人。

1892～1975年

Franco, Francisco

Spanish general and head of the government of Spain (1939-75). A career army officer, he was noted as a skillful leader and became army chief of staff in 1935. He joined the insurgents in the Spanish Civil War and was named caudillo (head) of the Nationalist forces (1936). In 1937 he reorganized the fascist Falange party into a more pluralistic group and made it the regime's official political movement. Though in sympathy with the Axis Powers in World War II, Spain remained formally neutral, but after the war Franco was ostracized as the “last surviving Fascist dictator.” Relations with other nations regularized with the onset of the Cold War, as Franco became a leading anticommunist statesman. In the 1950s and '60s, his domestic policies moderated and Spain made great economic progress. He provided for his succession by an official referendum in 1947 that made the Spanish state a monarchy, ratifying his powers as regent for life. In 1969 he designated Prince Juan Carlos as his successor.