什麼是庫圖佐夫

Kutuzov, Mikhail (Illarionovich)

後稱Prince Kutuzov，原名Mikhail Illarionovich Golenishchev-Kutuzov。

俄國陸軍司令官。是位職業軍官，1805年被任命為俄奧聯軍司令，抗擊法軍向維也納的進攻。烏爾姆戰役中奧軍被擊敗，他下令撤退，使軍隊免於損失，但亞歷山大一世捲入了奧斯特利茨戰役（1805）與法軍交戰，結果大敗，庫圖佐夫被指責應負部分責任。1812年拿破崙一世的軍隊進入俄國後，在公眾的壓力下，亞歷山大任命庫圖佐夫為總司令。打了幾仗小戰役後，他被迫投入不分勝負的博羅季諾戰役。當拿破崙帶著他的軍隊撤離莫斯科時，庫圖佐夫逼使法軍沿著它入侵時破壞的原路線離開俄國，進入普魯士，不用再打另一場大戰役就摧毀了敵軍。他是同時代中最好的俄國指揮官，是托爾斯泰所寫的《戰爭與和平》中的主要人物。

1745～1813年

Kutuzov, Mikhail (Illarionovich)

ail Illarionovich Golenishchev-KutuzovRussian army commander. A career army officer, in 1805 he was given command of the joint Russian-Austrian army that opposed the French advance on Vienna. Following Austria's defeat in the Battle of Ulm, he retreated and preserved his army intact, but Alexander I engaged the French at the Battle of Austerlitz (1805), for which disaster Kutuzov was partly blamed. After Napoleon's army entered Russia in 1812, public pressure made Alexander appoint Kutuzov commander in chief. After waging minor engagements, he was forced to fight the inconclusive Battle of Borodino. When Napoleon led his troops in retreat from Moscow, Kutuzov forced the French army to leave Russia along the path it had devastated when it entered the country. He pursued the French into Prussia, destroying his opponent without fighting another major battle. Considered the finest Russian commander of his day, he appears as a major character in Leo Tolstoy's War and Peace.