什麼是本-古裡安

Ben-Gurion, David，原名David Gruen。

以色列首任總理。生於波蘭，父親是「愛猶太人」運動領導人。1906年移民至奧圖曼帝國統治的巴勒斯坦，為重建猶太人之國而奮鬥。第一次世界大戰爆發，被鄂圖曼政府逐出巴勒斯坦之後，他前往紐約並在這裡結婚。在《巴爾福宣言》發表後，本-古裡安加入英軍的猶太軍團回中東。在1920年代和1930年代，他領導了幾個政治組織，包括世界猶太復國主義最高指導機構--猶太局（Jewish Agency）。後來英國改變親猶太的立場，限制猶太人向巴勒斯坦移民，本-古裡安於是號召猶太人反英。以色列國成立後，本-古裡安當選第一任總理兼國防部長。他成功的解散了抗擊英軍的地下部隊，把他們改組為國防軍，以抵禦阿拉伯的攻擊。雖不受英、美的歡迎，但他在阿爾及利亞戰爭和蘇伊士危機時得到法國的支援。本-古裡安於1963年辭職。亦請參閱Arab-Israeli Wars。

1886～1973年

Ben-Gurion, David

First prime minister of Israel. Born in Poland to a Zionist father, he emigrated to Ottoman-ruled Palestine in 1906, hoping to fulfill the Zionist aspiration of rebuilding the Jewish state. Expelled from the Ottoman empire at the outbreak of World War I, he traveled to New York, where he married. Following the Balfour Declaration, he joined the British army's Jewish Legion and returned to the Middle East. In the 1920s and '30s he led several political organizations, including the Jewish Agency, world Zionism's highest directing body. As Britain became more sympathetic to Palestinian Arabs, restricting Jewish immigration to Palestine, he called on the Jewish community to rise against Britain. On the establishment of the state of Israel, he became prime minister and minister of defense. He succeeded in fusing the underground armies that had fought the British into a national army, which he used successfully against Arab attacks. Unpopular with Britain and the U.S., he found an ally in France during the Algerian War and the Suez Crisis. He resigned in 1963. See also Arab-Israeli Wars.