什麼是歷史編纂

指撰寫歷史。尤其首先要嚴格審查資料來源，然後從那些資料裡擇取特定的史實，再把它們綜合成經得起批評的記敘文字。西方修史的傳統自始就有兩大趨勢：一種認為歷史是史料記錄的積累，另一種則認為歷史是解釋因果關係的故事敘述。西元前5世紀希臘歷史學家希羅多德以及後來的修昔提底斯強調在敘述當代發生的事件時必須要獲取第一手資料。到了4世紀，基督教的歷史編纂成了主流，他們的觀點是：世界歷史是神涉入了世人生活的結果。這個觀點在中世紀盛行不衰，反映在像比得這樣的史學家的著作中，人文主義以及逐漸世俗化的批判思想影響了早期的當代歐洲歷史編纂。19和20世紀看到了科學歷史的近代歷史研究方法，以使用原始來源的資料為基礎。現代的歷史學家以描述過去的較完整的圖畫為目的，試圖重新建立關於普通人的活動和實踐的記錄。在這方面法國的年監學派是有影響力的。

historiography

Writing of history, especially that based on the critical examination of sources and the synthesis of chosen particulars from those sources into a narrative that will stand the test of critical methods. Two major tendencies in history writing are evident from the beginnings of the Western tradition: the concept of historiography as the accumulation of records and the concept of history as storytelling, filled with explanations of cause and effect. In the 5th century BC the Greek historians Herodotus and, later, Thucydides emphasized firsthand inquiry in their efforts to impose a narrative on contemporary events. The dominance of Christian historiography by the 4th century introduced the idea of world history as a result of divine intervention in human affairs, an idea that prevailed throughout the Middle Ages in the work of such historians as Bede. Humanism and the gradual secularization of critical thought influenced early modern European historiography. The 19th and 20th century saw the development of modern methods of historical investigation of scientific history based on the use of primary source materials. Modern historians, aiming for a fuller picture of the past, have tried to reconstruct a record of ordinary human activities and practices; the French Annales school has been influential in this respect.