什麼是巴伐利亞

德語作拜恩（Bayern）

德國南部一州（1996年人口約11,996,000）。西元前1世紀羅馬人征服該地（參閱Noricum和Raetia），西元788年為查理曼所奪，把巴伐利亞併入其帝國版圖，成為神聖羅馬帝國的大公國之一。三十年戰爭中，在馬克西米連一世的統治下，巴伐利亞領導了天主教聯盟。18世紀在規模更大的戰爭中，巴伐利亞屢遭侵略破壞。1871年加入德意志帝國，但保有王國地位。1918年國王被推翻，經過短暫的不安定時期，巴伐利亞於1919年加入威瑪共和。1920年代希特勒在這裡擁有第一個權勢基地。1946年採用一部新憲法，1949年成為德意志聯邦共和國的一州。長期以來是德國天主教的大本營。州內大城市包括首府慕尼黑、奧格斯堡、紐倫堡。風景名勝有巴伐利亞阿爾卑斯山、黑森林和波希米亞森林。巴伐利亞以其優美的山巒起伏景色和迷人的村莊著稱。

Bavaria

State (pop., 1996 est.: 11,996,000), southern Germany. Conquered by the Romans in the 1st century BC (see Noricum and Raetia), the area was taken by Charlemagne and incorporated into his empire in 788. It became one of the great duchies of the Holy Roman Empire. Under Maximilian I, Bavaria led the Catholic League in the Thirty Years' War. It was overrun repeatedly in the context of larger wars in the 18th century. It joined the German empire in 1871, while remaining a kingdom. The king was overthrown in 1918; after a brief period of instability, Bavaria joined the Weimar Republic in 1919. Adolf Hitler had his first power base there in the 1920s. It adopted a new constitution in 1946, and became a state of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1949. It has long been Germany's most Roman Catholic area. Its largest cities are Munich (its capital), Augsburg, and Nürnberg. Notable regions include the Bavarian Alps, the Black Forest, and the Bohemian Forest. Bavaria is famous for the beauty of its rolling landscape and the charm of its villages.