什麼是德國社會民主黨

德國政黨。成立於1875年，初名社會工人黨，1890年改現名。為德國曆史最長、成員最多的單一政黨。第一次世界大戰前該黨的影響日益擴大，但第一次世界大戰中該黨分裂，中間派由考茨基（K. Kautsky）領導，成立獨立社會民主黨；左派由盧森堡（R. Luxemburg）和李卜克內西（K. Liebknecht）率領，組成斯巴達克思同盟；以艾伯特（F. Ebert）為首的右翼則參與鎮壓1918年在德國發生的蘇維埃式起義，並在1919年的選舉中贏得37%的選票。德國政府接受凡爾賽和約以及國內嚴重的經濟問題，導致該黨在1920年代的支援率下降。1933年被納粹取締，第二次世界大戰後在西德重建並迅速發展，1972年奪得幾近46%的選票。該黨先後與基督教民主聯盟（1966～1969）及自由民主黨（1969～1982）組成聯合政府，1990年與新近獲得獨立的前東德社會民主黨合併。

Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD)

German political party. Formed in 1875 as the Socialist Workers' Party and renamed in 1890, it is Germany's oldest and largest single party. Its influence grew until World War I, when centrists led by Karl Kautsky formed the Independent Social Democrats and leftists led by Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht formed the Spartacists. Its right wing under Friedrich Ebert helped crush the Soviet-style uprisings in Germany in 1918 and won 37% of the vote in the 1919 elections. The government's acceptance of the Treaty of Versailles and Germany's severe economic problems caused a drop in support in the 1920s. Outlawed by the Nazis in 1933, the party revived after World War II in West Germany and grew steadily, receiving almost 46% of the vote in the 1972 elections. It formed coalition governments with the Christian Democratic Union (1966-69) and the Free Democratic Party (1969-82). In 1990 it reunited with a newly independent SPD from the former East Germany.