什麼是謝里曼

Schliemann, Heinrich

德國考古學家，特洛伊、邁錫尼和梯林斯的發掘人。在年幼時熱愛荷馬史詩，最後學習了古代和現代希臘語，以及其他一些語言。後來在克里米亞戰爭中從事軍火生意，賺了一筆財富並在三十六歲時退休，從事考古工作。1873年他在土耳其的希薩利克（Hissarlik）發現了古特洛伊城遺址（證實了特洛伊戰爭這一歷史事件）和一個金質珠寶的寶藏（「普里阿摩斯寶藏」），並將其走私出了土耳其。因鄂圖曼政府阻止了他返回，他轉而在希臘發掘邁錫尼城，並在那裡發現了價值更高的遺物和財寶。1878年他和德普菲爾德（W. Dorpfeld）一起繼續對希薩利克進行發掘，將遺址地層更加清晰地展現出來，並使用了先進的考古技術。1884年他們發掘了梯林斯防禦堅固的遺址。謝里曼的發掘工作使歷史遠景得以延長，並普及了考古學。著作雖然大多是捏造的，但其貢獻卻是重大的。

1822～1890年

Schliemann, Heinrich

German archaeologist and excavator of Troy, Mycenae, and Tiryns. As a boy he loved the Homeric poems, and he eventually learned ancient and modern Greek and many other languages. As a military contractor in the Crimean War he made a sufficient fortune to retire (at 36) and devote himself to archaeology. In 1873, at Hissarlik, Turkey, he discovered the remains of ancient Troy (verifying the historical event of the Trojan War) and a treasure of gold jewelry (“Priam's Treasure”), which he smuggled out of the country. Because the Ottoman government prevented his return, he began excavating Mycenae in Greece, where he found more invaluable remains and treasures. He and Wilhelm D?rpfeld (1853-1940) resumed work at Hissarlik in 1878, exposing the stratigraphy more clearly and advancing archaeological technique. In 1884 they excavated the great fortified site at Tiryns. Schliemann's excavations helped lengthen considerably the perspective of history and popularize archaeology. His contributions were genuine, though his written accounts contain many self-serving fabrications.