Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus，原名Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart。
奧地利作曲家。小提琴家和作曲家利奧波德.莫札特（1719～1787）之子，誕生於父親出版小提琴演奏法暢銷論著的那一年。他與姊姊瑪麗亞.安娜.娜內爾（1751～1829）都是神童；莫札特四歲時，在無人指導的情況下演奏娜內爾的鍵盤課程。五歲時，他開始作曲，並第一次公開演出。1762年起，利奧波德帶著他們旅行全歐，炫耀著「上帝賜予在薩爾斯堡出生的奇蹟」。他們在第一輪巡迴表演（1762～1769）來到法國和英國，莫札特在那裡，遇到巴哈，並寫下第一首交響曲（1764）。接著是義大利之旅（1769～1774），他在那裡首次見識到海頓的絃樂四重奏，並寫下自己的第一部義大利歌劇。1775～1777年寫出小提琴協奏曲和第一批鋼琴奏鳴曲。1777年他遇到韋伯一家人，即未來妻子的家庭。他的母親死於1779年，莫札特後來回到薩爾斯堡擔任大教堂的風琴師，1781年寫出連環歌劇《克里特王伊多梅尼奧》。由於不滿大主教的統治，1781年離職搬到韋伯家（當時在維也納），開始他的獨立生涯。他娶康斯坦策.韋伯為妻，教授鋼琴課程，還寫下《後宮誘逃》（1782）和多首偉大的鋼琴協奏曲。1780年代晚期成就達到顛峰，而他把絃樂四重奏獻給海頓（他稱莫札特是現世最偉大的作曲家），《費加洛婚禮》（1786）、《唐.喬凡尼》（1787）、《女人心》（1790）三部偉大的歌劇則採用達.蓬特的指令碼，還有卓越的晚期交響曲。晚年他寫作歌劇《魔笛》和最偉大的《安魂曲》（未完成）。儘管事業成功，他卻總是缺錢（可能是賭債和喜愛華服的緣故），必須向朋友大舉借款。他在三十五歲去世，病因可能是腎臟感染。沒有其他作曲家像他一樣在短短一生留下如此不尋常的遺產。
1756～1791年
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus
Austrian composer. Son of the violinist and composer Leopold Mozart (1719-1787), he was born the year of the publication of Leopold's best-selling treatise on violin playing. He and his older sister, Maria Anna (1751-1829), were prodigies; by age 4, Wolfgang was playing Nannerl's keyboard lessons without instruction. At 5 he began to compose and gave his first public performance. From 1762 Leopold toured throughout Europe with them, showing off the “miracle that God allowed to be born in Salzburg.” The first round of touring (1762-69) took them as far as France and England, where Wolfgang met J.C. Bach and wrote his first symphonies (1764). Tours of Italy followed (1769-74); there he first saw the string quartets of F.J. Haydn and wrote his own first Italian opera. In 1775-77 he composed his violin concertos and his first piano sonatas. In 1777 he met the Webers, the family of his future wife. His mother died in 1779. He returned to Salzburg as cathedral organist and in 1781 wrote his opera seria Idomeneo. Chafing under the archbishop's rule, he was released from his position in 1781 and moved in with the Webers, now in Vienna, to begin his independent career. He married Constanze Weber, gave piano lessons, and wrote The Abduction from the Seraglio (1782) and many of his great piano concertos. The later 1780s saw the height of his success, with the string quartets dedicated to Haydn (who called Mozart the greatest living composer), the three great operas on L. Da Ponte's librettos—The Marriage of Figaro (1786), Don Giovanni (1787), and Così fan tutte (1790)—and his superb late symphonies. In his last year he composed the opera The Magic Flute and his great Requiem (left unfinished). Despite his success, he always lacked money (possibly because of gambling debts and a fondness for fine clothes) and had to borrow heavily from friends. His death at 35 may have resulted from a kidney infection. No other composer left such an extraordinary legacy in so short a lifetime.
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