什麼是葛雷柯

Greco, El，原名Domenikos Theotokopoulos。

El Greco在西班牙語中意為希臘人。克里特裔西班牙畫家，西班牙繪畫中第一位大師。關於其早期生活的資料有限，只知約1560～1570年在威尼斯，可能在提香的工作室習畫。1572年為羅馬聖路加公會成員。他在西班牙（1577）的第一件委任作品是托萊多聖多明哥－安蒂戈（Santo Domingo el Antiguo）教堂的祭壇畫（1577～1579），高壇上的《聖母昇天圖》和《三位一體》，反映出提香及米開朗基羅的影響。畫中拉長的人物造型成為他個人的代表風格。他的傑作《奧爾加斯伯爵的葬禮》（1586～1588），以超自然、半抽象的手法描繪天上充滿高大鬼魂般的人物輪廓，而地上則是平常的世界。自1590年至去世，葛雷柯的畫作數量驚人。主要作品包括替依列斯卡斯（Illescas）德拉卡里達醫院（Hospital de la Caridad）完成的完整祭壇畫（1603～1605），在這項工作中，他也擔任建築師和雕刻師。他還是出色的肖像畫家。現存兩幅風景畫，包括著名的《托萊多風景》（1610?）。他的工作室生產了許多其作品的複製畫，但他的個人風格是如此獨特，因而其追隨者只有他的兒子及一些已被人遺忘的模仿者。

1541～1614年

Greco, El

(Spanish: “The Greek”) orig. Domenikos Theotokopoulos (c. 1541-1614) Cretan-Spanish painter, the first great master of Spanish painting. Documentation on his early life is limited, but it is known that he was in Venice c. 1566-70 and may have studied in Titian's workshop. In 1572 he was a member of the guild of St. Luke in Rome. His first commission in Spain (1577) was for altarpieces for the church of Santo Domingo el Antiguo in Toledo (1577-79); the paintings for the high altar, The Assumption of the Virgin and The Trinity, show the influence of Titian and Michelangelo. Their elongated human figures became his signature style. His masterpiece, The Burial of the Count of Orgaz (1586-88), portrays a supernatural, semiabstract vision of heaven above, filled with tall, phantomlike figures, and a normal view of earth below. From 1590 until his death his output was prodigious. His major commissions included the complete altar composition for the Hospital de la Caridad at Illescas (1603-5), for which he also worked as architect and sculptor. He excelled as a portraitist. Two landscapes survive, notably his View of Toledo (c. 1610). His workshop produced many replicas of his works, but his style was so individual that his only followers were his son and a few forgotten imitators.