什麼是狄託

Tito，原名Josip Broz。

南斯拉夫政治家、總理（1945～1953）和總統（1953～1980）。出身克羅埃西亞農家，第一次世界大戰中參加了奧匈帝國軍隊，1915年被俄國人俘虜。在俄國期間，他參加了1917年的七月危機遊行，並加入了布林什維克黨。1920年返回克羅埃西亞，成為當地南斯拉夫共產黨的領導者，除了一段時期被關（1928～1934），狄託在黨內不斷升職，1939年成為南斯拉夫共產黨總書記。第二次世界大戰中，狄託（1935年左右開始使用的化名）成為南斯拉夫黨派中最有效率的領導者。1943年擔任元帥，加強了共產黨在南斯拉夫的統治。擔任南斯拉夫總理和總統後，他抵制蘇聯的控制，發展了一套獨立自主的社會主義統治方式，奉行不結盟政策，與其他不結盟國家建立關係，並改善了南斯拉夫同西方強國的關係。在國內他實行「平衡聯邦制度」（1974），一方面使境內六個共和國和塞爾維亞自治區（包括科索沃）之間建立了平等的關係；另一方面實行強有力的控制以防止分裂運動。他死後，塞爾維亞的統治引起其他各國的憎恨，最終導致聯邦制度的解體。

1892～1980年

Tito

Yugoslav politician, premier (1945-53), and president (1953-80). Born in Croatia to a peasant family, he fought in the Austro-Hungarian army in World War I and was captured by the Russians in 1915. While in Russia, he took part in the July Days demonstrations (1917) and joined the Bolsheviks. In 1920 he returned to Croatia, where he became a local leader of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia. He rose in the party hierarchy, interrupted by a prison term (1928-34), to become its secretary-general in 1939. In World War II, Tito (a pseudonym he adopted around 1935) proved an effective leader of Yugoslav partisans. As marshal from 1943, he strengthened communist control of Yugoslavia. As premier and president, he developed an independent form of socialist rule in defiance of the Soviet Union, pursued a policy of nonalignment, built ties with other nonaligned states, and improved relations with the Western powers. Within Yugoslavia, he set up a system of “symmetrical federalism” (1974) that established equality among the six republics and Serbia's autonomous provinces (including Kosovo), while maintaining tight control to prevent separatist movements. After his death, resentment of Serbian domination led gradually to a dissolution of the federal system.