什麼是磚石工藝

使用石頭、磚或塊料的建築工藝。到西元前4000年，埃及人已經發展出繁複的切石技術。在克里特島、義大利、希臘，巨石作品使用無砂漿、不規則形狀的巨大石頭，克服了材質上的弱點，進而減少了接合處的數量。非洲石匠也擅於無砂漿作品，而日本的無砂漿城堡牆壁能在地震中免於崩塌。羅馬人發明混凝土和砂漿，讓拱發展為基本建築形式之一，並使牆上所用的飾面產生若干變異：正方形的石塊、以粗石裝飾的混凝土、有對角石層的混凝土、磚面和瓦面的混凝土、磚與石的混合等。亞述帝國和波斯帝國沒有出產石頭，人們使用晒乾的黏土磚。石頭與黏土是中世紀和後來主要的磚石工藝材料。預鑄混凝土常作為現代鋼架的填充物，到20世紀才能與磚進行有效的競爭。空心牆中常混合或使用磚和空心磚。玻璃空心磚牆使用鋼骨來強化砂漿接合處，能夠透光，並比一般玻璃更能避免入侵或破壞。亦請參閱adobe。

masonry

Craft of building in stone, brick, or block. By 4000 BC, Egypt had developed an elaborate cut-stone technique. In Crete, Italy, and Greece, cyclopean work overcame material weaknesses by using enormous irregularly shaped stones without mortar, thereby reducing the number of joints. African stonemasons also were skilled at mortarless work, and Japanese mortarless castle walls resisted collapse during earthquakes. The Roman inventions of concrete and mortar permitted the development of the arch into one of the basic construction forms and gave rise to a number of variations in the facing used for walls: squared stone blocks, concrete studded with rough stones, concrete with diagonal stone courses, brick- and tile-faced concrete, and mixed brick and stone. The Assyrian and Persian empires, which lacked stone outcroppings, used sun-dried clay bricks. Stone and clay were the primary masonry materials in the Middle Ages and later. Precast-concrete blocks, often used as infill in modern steel framing, did not effectively compete with brick until the 20th century. Brick and block are often combined or used in cavity walls. Glass-block walls, which utilize steel rods to reinforce the mortar joints, admit light and afford greater protection against intruders and vandals than ordinary glass. See also adobe, building stone.