什麼是基督教基要主義

在美國由19世紀千禧年主義而興起的保守新教徒運動。它強調聖經中字面意義真理的重要性、基督即將以肉身再度降臨、童女生子、復活以及贖罪。這股思潮就在1880年代和1890年代，新教徒受到肉體操勞、天主教徒移民以及聖經批判學的打擊下播散開來。美國普林斯頓神學院的學者所提供了理性上的論證，並印製成12本小冊子（1910～1915）。1920年代是基要主義的黑暗期，學校教授不符合聖經的演化論，而聖經批判學又對基要主義展開重擊。到了1930年代和1940年代，許多基要主義的聖經研究機構和學院紛紛成立，而浸信會和長老會內部的基要主義團體也脫離母會，成立新的教會。到了20世紀末，基要主義者透過電視媒體來宣講福音，併成為「基督教右翼」在政治上的聲音。亦請參閱evangelicalism、Pentecostalism。

fundamentalism, Christian

Conservative Protestant movement that arose out of 19th-century millennialism in the U.S. It emphasized as fundamental the literal truth of the Bible, the imminent physical Second Coming of Jesus, the virgin birth, resurrection, and atonement. It spread in the 1880s and '90s among Protestants dismayed by labor unrest, Catholic immigration, and biblical criticism. Scholars at Princeton Theological Seminary provided intellectual arguments, published as 12 pamphlets (1910-15). Displeasure over the teaching of evolution, which many believed could not be reconciled with the Bible, and over biblical criticism gave fundamentalism momentum in the 1920s. In the 1930s and '40s, many fundamentalist Bible institutes and colleges were established, and fundamentalist groups within some Baptist and Presbyterian denominations broke away to form new churches. In the later 20th century, fundamentalists made use of television as a medium for evangelizing and became vocal in politics as the "Christian right". See also evangelicalism, Pentecostalism.