什麼是1964年民權法

綜合性的美國法律，目的為在公共場所消滅種族、膚色、宗教或國籍方面的歧視，常被視為美國重建時期（1865～1877）以來最重要的民權立法。「民權法」第一篇保障平等的選舉權；第二篇禁止在州際貿易中的公共場所有任何歧視行為；第七篇禁止在工會、學校或從事州際貿易或與聯邦政府進行交易的僱主推行歧視（包括性別歧視）；第四篇要求廢除公立學校的種族隔離政策；第六篇保證在根據聯邦資助計畫進行的資金分配沒有歧視。在1972年的修正案（即「僱用機會均等法」）中，擴大了第七篇的範圍到州和地方政府的僱員，並增加僱用機會均等委員會的權力，它是在1964年創設，以落實第七篇條款。1963年甘乃迪總統批准這項法案，並在詹森總統任內加強和通過成為法律。參閱Civil Rights Movement。

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Comprehensive U.S. law intended to end discrimination based on race, color, religion, or national origin. It is generally considered the most important U.S. law on civil rights since Reconstruction (1865-77). It guarantees equal voting rights (Title I); prohibits segregation or discrimination in places of public accommodation (Title II); bans discrimination, including sex-based discrimination, by trade unions, schools, or employers that are involved in interstate commerce or do business with the federal government (Title VII); calls for the desegregation of public schools (Title IV); and assures nondiscrimination in the distribution of funds under federally assisted programs (Title VI). A 1972 amendment, the Equal Employment Opportunity Act, extended Title VII coverage to employees of state and local governments and increased the authority of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, which was created in 1964 to enforce Title VII provisions. The act was proposed by Pres. John F. Kennedy in 1963 and strengthened and passed into law under Pres. Lyndon B. Johnson. See also civil-rights movement.